Hemodynamic Effect of Topical Anesthesia During Induction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Inhalation of aerosolized surface anesthesia with 10 ml 2% lidocaine would be administered with an atomizer for 15 minutes prior to intravenous anesthesia. After the intravenous induction, a catheter would be inserted to provide the subglottic anesthesia with 3ml 2% lidocaine.

Inhalation of 10 ml 0.9% normal saline would be administered with an atomizer for 15 minutes prior to intravenous anesthesia. After the intravenous induction, 3ml 0.9% normal saline would be administered into subglottic airway with a catheter.