A Comparison Study Between Contrast Spread and Loss of Resistance Techniques

Cervical epidural procedure and epidural space recognition were performed utilizing the fluoroscopy only method. With this technique, needle navigation from the skin toward the epidural space is performed under contralateral oblique fluoroscopy. With the needle at the ventral interlaminar line, the contrast spread technique was employed for epidural space identification. After radiological confirmation of the epidural spread, LOR was tested using an Epidrum® device (Exmoor Innovations Ltd., Somerset, UK). Subsequently, accompanied by the radiology assistant, I observed the Epidrum for 30 seconds or more; if the Epidrum deflated, thus confirming LOR, the result was positive. However, if the device remained inflated, the result was reported as negative. The collected data was then analyzed.