The Cardiopulmonary Effects and Diaphragm Function of Complete Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Upper Abdominal Surgery

The initial training intensity of the preoperative threshold IMT trainer (DofinTM, Breathing Strength Builder, Taiwan) was moderate to high intensity (≥50% of MIP), which was according to the patient's baseline level and increased by 5-10% per week. The frequency is 25-30 minutes each time, twice a day and five days per week for at least two weeks. The participants would receive at least 10 times training sessions before surgery

Regulated care and education will be applied