Valsalva Manoeuvre and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Attenuating Pain During Propofol Injection in Upper GIT Endoscopy

Blowing into rubber tubing connected to a sphygmomanometer and raising the mercury column to 30 mmHg for at least 20 seconds

The study drugs will be kept at room temperature, preservative-free and will be prepared by an independent anaesthetist into 5 ml of total volume with the addition of 0.9 % normal saline. Tourniquet will be left inflated for 1 minute. Dexmedetomidine mixture and saline will be injected over 5 seconds. After the injection of the drugs, the tourniquet will be released

5 ml saline will be administered.