Hemodynamic Measurements of Macrocirculatory and Perfusion Parameters in ICU

"1. Extended monitoring equipment will be connected to the patient. Clinical and biochemical parameters will be collected for a baseline before the next step. A Safety check will be performed to ensure correct patient data, correct equipment function and safety measures are meet. A passive leg raise test will be performed to predict fluid responsiveness, in case of a positive test, a fluid challenge will be administered.~2. A stepwise reduction of the NE infusion rate from baseline while monitoring stroke volume (SV) to elucidate changes in SV and potential preloadresponsiveness. The reduction will occur in steps of 3-5 minute until either discontinuation of the norepinephrine infusion, a 50% reduction in SV or MAP\<40.~3. While maintaining the NE infusion rate from the previous step 2, a fluid challenge will be administrated, until additional fluid does not increase SV\>10%.~4. As in step 2, a stepwise increase in NE infusion rate to the baseline infusion level or the baseline BP."