The Effect of Breathing Exercise and Stabilization Exercise With Chronic Low Back Pain

Hot packs or hot water bags are superficial warming agents that will be used to heat muscle tissue, reduce muscle spasms and pain sensation. TENS is a pain reliever application.

Training about the concepts of stabilization and abdominal bracing is given before starting the study. The motor control tests for local muscles transversus abdominus and multifidi are performed after the training. The abdominal bracing test is performed in the quadruped position, in prone, and in hook lying position with the patient's spine supine with hips and knees flexed and knees in contact with the surface. The second stage consists of closed-chain segmental control exercises. It is a series of weight-bearing exercises are performed on stable and unstable surfaces. The last stage of the stabilization program is an open kinetic chain exercise to promote distal stability.

Breathing exercises consist of the techniques of diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing. During diaphragmatic breathing, attention is focused on the correct abdominal breathing. The pursed-lip breathing is one step further to the diaphragmatic breathing and a technique designed to have control time and volume over-breathing. This intervention also includes Sleep Hygiene education to the subjects,