Ultrasound-guided Anterior Hydrodilatation in Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis

Group I was treated through posterior approach; The injection needle is introduced at the skin surface just lateral to the transducer and in an oblique lateral to medial direction. Group II was treated through anterior rotator interval approach. A 21-gauge needle is introduced into the rotator interval using an oblique path within the imaging plane of the transducer; from lateral to medial, the needle tip is imaged in real time throughout its passage from superficial to deep and is positioned in the biceps tendon sheath between the coracohumeral ligament above and biceps tendon below. Both groups were given the same guided stretching and strengthening exercise program

corticosteroid, saline, and local anesthetic

guided stretching and strengthening exercise program