New Clinical End-points in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline belonging to the group of antimalarial agents. Its immunomodulatory activity on B-cells has mainly been attributed to its inhibition of antigen presentation, cytokine production, and recently on Toll-like receptor signaling and IFN secretion that drives B cell activation.

Leflunomide (LEF) is a derivative of isoxazole and is converted into an active metabolite which blocks de novo synthesis of pyrimidines in activated T lymphocytes, thereby inhibiting T cell proliferation and consequently T cell-dependent B cell formation of autoantibodies.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid which blocks proliferation of lymphocytes by inhibiting the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis (Allison, 2000).

Placebo of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline belonging to the group of antimalarial agents. Its immunomodulatory activity on B-cells has mainly been attributed to its inhibition of antigen presentation, cytokine production, and recently on Toll-like receptor signaling and IFN secretion that drives B cell activation.

Placebo of Leflunomide (LEF) is a derivative of isoxazole and is converted into an active metabolite which blocks de novo synthesis of pyrimidines in activated T lymphocytes, thereby inhibiting T cell proliferation

Placebo of Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid which blocks proliferation of lymphocytes by inhibiting the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis (Allison, 2000).