Effects of Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Restriction Relative to Fasting on Metabolism, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Healthy Males.

Sixty minutes of cycling at 60% VO2peak will take place on a stationary bicycle ergometer at 16:00, after having consumed a low-carbohydrate lunch meal (\<10% carbohydrate; 35% estimated energy requirements) 2.5 hours prior.

Sixty minutes of cycling at 60% VO2peak will take place on a stationary bicycle ergometer at 16:00, after having consumed a high-carbohydrate lunch meal (\~2.2 g/kg carbohydrate; 35% estimated energy requirements) 2.5 hours prior.

Sixty minutes of cycling at 60% VO2peak will take place on a stationary bicycle ergometer at 16:00, after having skipped lunch, and having consumed nothing other than plain water since breakfast (08:00; 25% estimated energy requirements). Exercise will therefore commence after an 8 hour period of fasting.