Surgical Options for Management of Pericardial Effusion

tamponading pericardial effusion is a life threatenning condition , pericardiocentesis is performed for patients who are vitally unstable and with a massive amount of effusion to prevent cardiac tamponade, Surgical drainage of pericardial effusion was classically conducted by either open thoracotomy or subxiphoid pericardiectomy. Thoracoscopy has established itself as an alternative to open thoracotomy for the management of many pericardial, pleural and pulmonary disorders