90
Participants
Start Date
March 1, 2019
Primary Completion Date
September 1, 2019
Study Completion Date
November 1, 2020
Control
probing pocket depth (PPD)≤ 3 mm (presence of normal gingival sulcus), bleeding on probing (BOP) \< 10%, clinical absence of periodontal inflammation, radiological bone loss, and any prior periodontal disease, additionally presence of anatomically intact periodontium and nonsmokers if they had no previous history of smoking
Smokers with periodontally healthy
probing pocket depth (PPD)≤ 3 mm (presence of normal gingival sulcus), bleeding on probing (BOP) \< 10%, clinical absence of periodontal inflammation, radiological bone loss, and any prior periodontal disease, additionally presence of anatomically intact periodontium and smokers if they had smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥5 years
Non-smokers with gingivitis
without attachment and alveolar bone loss who had gingival inflammation, PD ≤ 3 mm and BOP \> 30% in the full mouth and nonsmokers if they had no previous history of smoking
Smokers with gingivitis
without attachment and alveolar bone loss who had gingival inflammation, PD ≤ 3 mm and BOP \> 30% in the full mouth and smokers if they had smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥5 years
Non-smokers with periodontitis
interdental clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 5 mm and PPD ≥ 6 mm on at least two non-adjacent teeth, bone loss involving the middle or apical third of the root radiographically, moderate ridge defect and ≥30% of teeth and nonsmokers if they had no previous history of smoking
Smokers with periodontitis
interdental clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 5 mm and PPD ≥ 6 mm on at least two non-adjacent teeth, bone loss involving the middle or apical third of the root radiographically, moderate ridge defect and ≥30% of teeth and smokers if they had smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥5 years
Ordu University, Ordu
Bulent Ecevit University
OTHER