ACT for Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Comorbidities

In addition to the routine pediatric asthma outpatient service as received with the TAU group, participants in the ACT group will additionally receive a two-weekly 2-hour Positive Parenting Program (Triple-P) and a four-weekly 2-hour ACT program (a total of six weekly sessions, 6-8 parents per group). The Triple-P aims to increase parental self-regulation and positive parenting practices to promote child cooperation, lead to consistent discipline and promote routines in childhood asthma management. On the other hand, The ACT sessions foster parents' psychological flexibility to cultivate non-judgmental acceptance of difficult parenting experiences, be mindful in daily parenting, develop an observer-self, and promote commitment to one's values.

Participants in the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group will receive routine pediatric asthma outpatient services. These services include regular follow-up appointments once every 3-6 months for reviewing the child's health conditions by pediatricians, refilling medications and asthma education (1.5-2 hours every 3-4 weeks) by Advanced Practice Nurse specialized in pediatric respiratory care, and referrals to community care/welfare services by psychiatrist/medical social worker for parental training in ADHD care.