Visfatin and Omentin-1 - Markers of Nutritional Status of Newborns Born to Diabetic Mothers.

"In order to ensure reproducible results, breast milk samples were collected using a breast pump. Samples were taken in the morning, after the newborn was breastfed. The entire breast was emptied. In order to ensure the stability of the microbiological and nutritional composition, the milk samples were cooled immediately after collection, and then divided into test tubes and frozen (-80 C) until the laboratory tests were made.~The concentrations of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate) in breast milk were determined using a Human Milk Analyzer (HMA; Miris, Uppsala). Tissue hormones, e.g. adipokines: visfatin, omentin-1 were determined by ELISA method using commercial reagent kits."

Blood samples were collected from the mothers (fasting if possible) on the day the milk samples were taken. After collection, fasting glucose and insulin, as well as glycated hemoglobin were marked, and the other samples were centrifuged and frozen until analyzed (-80 C). Determination of adipokines was performed by ELISA method, using commercial reagent kits.

The body composition of newborns was determined by a non-invasive electrical bioimpedance method using the body composition analyzer.

"Based on the mother's medical records, maternal height and pregnancy weight changes were recorded. On the day the biological material is collected, the mother was weighed.~From the baby's documentation, measurements of the length, head circumference and body weight taken after delivery and during the hospitalization were recorded. These measurements were repeated on the days of the body composition analysis."