Maternal Involvement in Pain Management in NICU

"Mother will be involved in implementing the non-pharmacological techniques during the performance of the heel stick procedure as follow:~* swaddling;~* non-nutritive sucking with pacifier in infants with PMA \< 32 weeks;~* nutritional sucking with sucrose and/or breast milk in infants with PMA ≥ 32 weeks;~* holding;~* exposure to maternal voice."

"A second nurse will perform the non-pharmacological techniques during the performance of the heel stick procedure without the maternal involvement as follow:~* swaddling;~* non-nutritive sucking with pacifier in infants with PMA \< 32 weeks;~* nutritional sucking with sucrose and/or breast milk in infants with PMA ≥ 32 weeks;~* holding."