"Deficit in Quadriceps Voluntary Activation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Roles of the Learned Non-use Paradigm and the Interhemispheric Inhibition"

"Voluntary Activation level will be determined with the interpolate twitch technique (ITT), both during isometric contractions (knee at 40° flexion) and during isokinetic contraction at angular velocity equal to 100°/s.~Vastus Medialis and Soleous H-reflex will be measured. Cortical excitability and interhemispheric connectivity will be measured through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).~Tests of balance in standing will be performed using the EquiTest platform. Individuals will be requested to perform three different tasks: Sensory Organization test, Adaptation Test upward/downward, Motor Control test backward/forward. Surface electromyography from lower limbs will be recorded.~Through TMS driven by neuronavigation, the cortical representation of the Quadriceps muscle will be studied.~Gait analysis will be performed on a treadmill mounted on force sensors. Participants will walk at increasing velocities from 0.4 m/s to 1.6 m/s. Speed will be increased of 0.2 m/s every 30 s."