3D Airway Model for Pediatric Patients

Two anaesthesiologists unaware of patient's demographic data such as patient's height, weight, and age predicted and recorded ETT size by inserting various sized cuffed-ETTs (MallinckrodtTM Hi-Lo tracheal tube, Covidien, Ireland) to a printed 3D airway model. If the diameter of trachea undersized, air leak around ETT can occur. In that case, we can use that ETT after inflating the pilot balloon with small amount of air. Standard monitoring (non-invasive blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram, and pulse oximetry) was applied to pediatric patients in the operating room and general anesthesia was induced with ketamine 1 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with sevoflurane. After intubation with a cuffed ETT by a printed 3D airway model was finished, an air leak test was performed by one of three anaesthesiologists dedicated to pediatric cardiac anesthesia.