Effect of Music and Other Audio Recordings for Chronic Pain in Aging Adults

A nonpharmacological, short-term treatment that poses minimal risk and places very limited burden on patients seems ideal for this population, and music with suggestions is one such treatment option.

The comparison condition of informational recordings about chronic pain are structured to account for non-specific effects of general time and attention and to evaluate whether the treatments of music alone, and music in combination with suggestion are effective in the reduction of pain intensity more than an appropriate control group.

The comparison condition of the music only is structured to account for the effect of music listening, and to evaluate whether the addition of suggestion optimizes its effectiveness in the reduction of pain intensity.