Dynamic in Vivo PET Imaging and ex Vivo Biopsies From Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue to Investigate the Effects of Exercise on Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Energetics in Type 2 Diabetes

ATPmax will be measured in order to determine in vivo mitochondrial capacity. The magnetic resonance scans to measure mitochondrial energetics will also be performed.

Aerobic fitness level will be assessed while participant pedals on a stationary bicycle/walk on a treadmill. The volume of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide (CO2) production will be measured.

Sample muscle cells from the left leg Vastus Lateralis (thigh) muscle.

Sample fat tissue from the abdomen.

Measurement of insulin sensitivity.

After an overnight fast, an intravenous catheter will be placed in each arm (one with arterial line for PET infusion, and the other for infusion of insulin, glucose, and 6,6 D2 glucose tracer. FDG-glucose will be injected followed by 90-minute PET scanning of the thigh.