Management of Pain in Lumbar Arthrodesis

Ketamine, being a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, could represent a good option as an opioid treatment enhancer for acute postoperative pain and avoid chronic pain, by reducing the '' wind-up '' phenomenon of central sensitization

"A meta-analysis published in September 2011 affirms that the administration of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg is an effective complement to multimodal analgesia strategies to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption after surgery.~Preoperative administration of the drug produces a more consistent analgesic effect than intraoperative administration"

placebo