Opioid Sparing Anaesthesia for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery

A loading infusion of syringe (B) containing the a mixture \[dexmedetomidine (2 µg/ml), ketamine (0.5 mg /ml) and lidocaine (4 mg /ml)\] was started at rate of 0.2 ml/kg/h ten minutes before induction. Then anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg IBW of propofol, patients were intubated with the aid of 0.5 mg/kg IBW atracurium and received 0.1ml/kg from syringe (D) containing normal saline (as masking for fentanyl in the control group).

A loading infusion of the 50 ml syringe (A) containing normal saline was started at rate of 0.2 ml/ kg/hr ten minutes before induction (as masking for mixture in group S). Then anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg ideal body weight (IBW) of propofol , patients were intubated with the aid of 0.5 mg/kg IBW atracurium and received 0.1ml/kg from syringe (C) containing fentanyl (1mic/kg of IBW).