Effect of Co-administration Lidocaine and Dexmedetomidine on Quality of Recovery

Patients received a bolus infusion of lidocaine (2%; 1.5 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg) over 10 min before the induction of anesthesia, and then lidocaine and dexmedetomidine were infused at a rate of 1.5 mg/kg/h and 0.4 µg/kg/h until close of the pneumoperitoneum, respectively.

Patients received a bolus infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg over 10 min before the induction of anesthesia), and then dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.4 μg/kg/h until close of the pneumoperitoneum.

Patients received a bolus infusion of lidocaine (2%; 1.5 mg/kg over 10 min before the induction of anesthesia), and then lidocaine was infused at a rate of 1.5 mg/kg/h until close of the pneumoperitoneum.

Patients received the same volume of normal saline 10 min before the induction of anesthesia, and then normal saline (0.9%) was continuously infused in an equal volume until close of the pneumoperitoneum.