Reactivating Specific Memories During Sleep in Conjunction with a Suppression Context

I will unobtrusively and repeatedly present learning-related odors during sleep using an olfactometer. This method was shown to improve memory in various tasks. The odors will be presented in blocks with short breaks in-between. Odors will be pleasant as to not wake the participant up. The odors will be presented during non-rapid eye movement sleep (sleep stage 2 and slow wave sleep). The odors presented will be non-congruently associated with instructions in a previous learning task. This manipulation is within-subject - all participants will be exposed to all the odors during sleep, but odors will be associated with different instructions for each participant (counterbalanced).

I will unobtrusively and repeatedly present learning-related sounds during sleep using speakers. This method was shown to improve memory in various tasks. The sounds will be presented several seconds apart and the volume will be so adjusted as not to disturb the participant's sleep. The sounds will be presented during non-rapid eye movement sleep (sleep stage 2 and slow wave sleep). The sounds presented will be congruently related to the images in the previous learning task. This manipulation is within-subject - all participants will be exposed to sounds, but different specific sounds will be presented for each individual participant.