TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION (t-DCS) AS ADD-ON TO NEUROREHABILITATION OF PISA SYNDROME IN PARKINSON DISEASE

All the participants received daily stimulation sessions for 5 consecutive days, starting from the first Monday after hospital admission (Monday to Friday). The primary motor cortex (M1) was identified using the International 10-20 system for C3 (left M1) or C4 (right M1). For the stimulation, the anode was placed over the primary motor cortex (M1) ipsilateral to the side of trunk deviation, and the cathode was placed over the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the side of trunk deviation (bi-hemispheric stimulation).

The stimulation setting was exactly the same but the stimulation intensity was set according to a ramping up/ramping down method and delivered only in the first and last 30 seconds of each session. This stimulation paradigm is insufficient to produce a meaningful therapeutic effect, but it is necessary to guarantee the blind condition as it mimics the possible initial tingling sensation associated with active stimulation.