Validation of the Gugging Swallowing Screen for the Intensive Care Unit

"Gugging swallowing screen - ICU (GUSS-ICU) index test:~Screening for post-extubation dysphagia: GUSS-ICU performed by 2 speech therapists independently. The GUSS-ICU model contains the core features of the original GUSS tool with the added assessment items specific to the ICU Patient (RASS score (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale)).~Stage one of the screen focuses on the preliminary investigation of indirect swallowing. Stage two is comprised of varying steps that directly test swallowing. This would include the administration of semisolids, water and bread with four distinct signs that were being assessed for - deglutition, coughing, drooling and voice change. The GUSS test is evaluated using a points system (0-10) which determines the severity of dysphagia and recommends a diet form that largely minimizes the risk of aspiration. (e.g. 10 points: No dysphagia = normal food)."

"Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) reference test:~Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is a technique to directly view the pharynx, larynx and esophagus during swallowing. The swallowing test is carried out first with saliva and then with different consistency (liquid, pulpy, solid) and different sized swallowing portions. This reference test is performed independently from the GUSS-ICU index test."