Effect of Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia on Quality of Recovery After Unilateral Nephrectomy.

"Epidural anaesthesia: mixture of ropivacaine 6.5 mg/ml and fentanyl 8.3 μg/ml.~Light general anesthesia: isoflurane in mixture of 50/50 of nitrous oxide and oxygen to achieve Minimum alveolar concentration between 0.6 and 0.8."

Before the end of operation was given 4 ml of the mixture of ropivacaine 4.4 mg/ml and morphine 0.8mg/ml. Epidural analgesia was continued for next 24 hours with a mixture of ropivacaine 2.2 mg/ml and morphine 0.4 mg/ml.

"Maintaining general anesthesia: nitrous oxide and oxygen in mixture 50/50 and isoflurane to achieve minimum alveolar concentration between 0.8 and 1.~Fentanyl loading dose: 6-8 μg/kg. Additional fentanyl doses were given incrementally."

Tramadol 100 mg in the first hour followed by tramadol 300 mg continuously for the next 24 hours.