Metabolic Responses to Breakfast in Adolescent Girls

"Consumption of breakfast: The breakfast provided was designed based on the characteristics of an ideal breakfast outlined in Giovannini et al., (2008). The breakfast provided in the present study will include the following: all-bran cereals (Kellogg's), semi-skimmed milk (Tesco), Royal Gala Apple (Tesco) and Orange Juice from Concentrate (Tesco) containing the amount of carbohydrates usually consumed at breakfast in the UK (Reeves et al., 2013). The portion for each participant will contain 0.06 g of carbohydrate per kcal of measured RMR. As the portion size (20% of daily calorie intake) will be calculated based on individual RMR , no leftovers will be allowed."

Omission of breakfast. Participants will consume water within 15 min, the individual volume of which will be calculated based on the liquid content of the breakfast \[milk (ml)+ orange juice (ml)\].