Nonpharmacological Methods for Children in Procedural Pain

The distraction cards contain various hidden pictures and patterns which are visible only when looked at carefully. During a procedure, the child is expected to focus on the cards and answer the questions asked about what they see in them. Just before the venipuncture, the researcher showed the distraction cards participants the distraction cards and asked them to check them and then asked them questions about what they saw on the cards and kept asking questions until the end of the venipuncture. The distraction cards intervention and venipuncture were terminated at the same time.

The virtual reality participants put on the virtual reality glasses and headsets about two minutes before the venipuncture and watched the 3D Dinosaur Animation movie throughout the procedure. The virtual reality intervention and venipuncture were terminated at the same time.

Buzzy® applies high frequency vibration and concentrated cold at injection site for procedural pain management and distraction before the shot in children and adults. Buzzy® was placed on the injection site (antecubital fossa) of the Buzzy® participants, and cold application and vibration was turned on 60 seconds before the procedure. After the 60 seconds, the nurse moved Buzzy® about 3 cm above the injection site and applied a tourniquet and performed the procedure. Buzzy® was on throughout the procedure. The Buzzy® intervention and venipuncture were terminated at the same time.