Instability in the Lumbar Spine of Patients With Age Related Changes and Narrowing of the Spinal Canal (Spinal Stenosis)

surgical technique for neural decompression varied based on surgeon's preference, but always with preservation for spinous processes. Either open with or without microscope or using tubular retractors.

fusion techniques consisted besides decompression of additional implantation of pedicle screws with rods, with or without intervertebral fusion and cage(s). Non-instrumented technique with allograft bone. Fusion technique on surgeon's discretion.