Investigate the Aerosol Particle Distribution During Aerosol Generating Procedures

High-flow nasal cannula is a modality of oxygen device that can provide gas flow meets or exceeds patient inspiratory flow demand (flow can be set at 10-60 L/min), it has been proven to improve oxygenation and reduce intubation rate in hypoxemic patients.

A procedure mask will be used to cover patient's face after HFNC is initiated.

is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of the lungs, including the bronchi, which are the main pathways into the lungs. During a bronchoscopy, a doctor inserts a thin tube containing a light and camera into the lungs through the nose or mouth or via artificial airway such as intubation or tracheotomy tube

Intubation is the process of inserting a tube, called an endotracheal tube (ET), through the mouth and then into the airway. This is done so that a patient can be placed on a ventilator to assist with breathing during anesthesia, sedation, or severe illness.

A tracheostomy is a medical procedure - either temporary or permanent - that involves creating an opening in the neck in order to place a tube into a person's windpipe. The tube is inserted through a cut in the neck below the vocal cords. This allows air to enter the lungs.

A nebulizer is a piece of medical equipment that a person with asthma or another respiratory condition can use to administer medication directly and quickly to the lungs

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange.