Temperament Dimensions and Awakening Salivary Cortisol Levels in ADHD.

"* Ratings on the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Evaluation Scale - IV (Bussing et al., 2008), were assessed during baseline visit for participants at the time of research assessment, to exclude the presence of ADHD symptoms in the healthy subjects. This scale is composed of 26 items for ADHD symptoms and ODD and was administered at baseline and at follow-up visit.~* Temperament assessment: we used the Mary Rothbart's Temperament Questionnaire, a caregivers' report measure designed to provide a detailed assessment of temperament.~* ADHD Rating scales: the Long Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale (Conners et al., 1998) was used to quantify ADHD comorbidity symptoms, as ODD and Anxiety traits, in the children and adolescents with ADHD.~* Salivary cortisol: Sampling was performed during one ordinary weekday between 7 and 8 o'clock, within 60' after nocturnal awakening."