3D Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Hemodialysis Patients With Arteriovenous Fistula

"The Principle of 3D-TOF-MRA is based on the flow effect of MR. In the GE sequence of MRA imaging, the effect of RF pulses makes the protons in the stationary tissue in the active layer in a saturated state, and the longitudinal magnetization disappears. When the inflow blood appears, its protons are in an unsaturated state and have a high degree of longitudinal magnetization. In this way, a clear difference is formed between saturated tissue and unsaturated flowing blood to display blood vessels. 3D-TOF-MRA is a non-invasive and safe method for diagnosing vascular diseases."