Opioid-free Anesthesia in Thoracic Surgery

"Retrospective collection of clinical data recorded in the electronic medical record.~The following variables were continuously recorded in the institutional database: age, gender, body weight, height, personal medical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, type of thoracic surgery, the duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia (from intubation to extubation), the duration of PACU stay, the need for morphine titration, epinephrine, norepinephrine.~For data at day 30, the vast majority of patients were included in the enhanced recovery program and as such benefited from a consultation at 1 month with a coordination nurse who collected data on post-operative pain in a standardized manner.~All data was extracted from investigators institutional database and collected by a physician who was not involved in the care of the study patients."