The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise on Pain, Anxiety, and Depression

The patient was taken to a quiet room and asked to lie on the bed. For the first 5 minutes, the researchers explained how the exercise is done with pictures and demonstrated it to the patient. The patient was asked to perform the exercise for 5 minutes under supervision by the researchers. If the patient performed DBE correctly, practice was discontinued. If not, the patient was asked to practice for another 5 minutes. If the patient still could not perform the exercise correctly at the end of this time, they were excluded from the sample. DBE was performed according to the Cleveland Clinic guideline as follows: