Evaluation of Frailty and Functional Capacity in End-Stage Liver Disease

"Liver Frailty Index measurements:~1. Grip strength: the average of three trials, measured in the subject's dominant hand using a hand dynamometer~2. Timed chair stands: measured as the number of seconds it takes to do five chair stands with the subject's arms folded across the chest~3. Balance testing: measured as the number of seconds that the subject can balance in three positions (feet placed side-to-side, semitandem, and tandem) for a maximum of 10 seconds each."

Shuttle Walk Test: The patient is required to walk around two cones set 9 metres apart (so the final track is 10 metres) in time to a set of auditory beeps played on a CD. Initially, the walking speed is very slow, but each minute the required walking speed progressively increases. The patient walks for as long as they can until they are either too breathless or can no longer keep up with the beeps, at which time the test ends. The number of shuttles is recorded. Each shuttle represents a distance of ten metres (i.e each time the patient reaches a cone is 1 shuttle).