Restorative Neuromodulation for Lower Extremity Functions

The trans-spinal pulsed-current stimulation utilizes non-invasive russian stimulation using a research grade stimulator and direct-current stimulation utilizes non-invasive constant stimulation using a medical grade stimulator. Both pulsed- and direct-current stimulation will be achieved with cutaneous cathode electrodes attached to the dorsal aspect of the back overlying at and bellow thoracic vertebrae and anode electrodes placed over the iliac crests or lower abdomen. Spinal motor evoked potentials will be induced by trans-spinal pulsed-current stimulation (parameters, 1 Hz with a 1 millisecond pulse width and monophasic waveform) to determine recruitment profiles of proximal and distal motor pools with increasing stimulation intensity ranging from 10-200 milliampere. Stimulation parameters for the therapeutic stimulation will be ranged from 5-50 Hz and 20-200 milliampere. For direct-current stimulation, the stimulation current will be kept constant at 2-2.5 milliampere.