OCT and Early Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

"The degree of physical disability was assessed by using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The EDSS score ranges from 0 to 10 in 0.5 unit increments that represent higher levels of disability.~Neurocognitive functions were evaluated using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) that includes the following tests:~1. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) that is used for assessment of information processing speed.~2. California Verbal Learning Test - 2nd edition (CVLT-II) .~3. Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R)~OCT assessment was performed by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography to assess the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume in humans .~Each eye for every patient was assessed by measuring the thickness of RNFL and GCC, respecting presence or absence of the previous history of optic neuritis (ON)."