Pre-operative Focused Transthoracic Echocardiography for Prediction of Post-operative Cardiac Complications

TTE (Vivid I echocardiography machine General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a 3S-RS (1.5-3.6 MHz) transthoracic probe). was done by professional anesthesiologist following the :Hemodynamic Echocardiography Assessment in Real Time ( HEART) protocol. According to the clinical findings of TTE patients may be either free or have one or more of the following haemodynamic states normal, empty, vasodilated ,left ventricular systolic or diastolic failure, left ventricular systolic and diastolic failure, and right ventricular failure, valve stenosis or regurgitation of at least moderate severity