Artificial Intelligence Versus Expert Endoscopists for Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

AI-based diagnosis will be performed based on analysis of endoscopic images (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan). The investigators will use the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), a deep neural network architecture (https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02325), and an optimal diagnostic cutoff from a prior report2. The AI system reviewed endoscopy images and reported those in which gastric cancer was detected, together with the coordinates (X, Y) of the lesions.

The expert endoscopists are two physicians with experience of more than 20,000 endoscopies. The expert endoscopists will review the endoscopy images of each patient for 5 min. They will then report endoscopy images in which gastric cancer was detected and manually annotate the lesions in those images.