Village-based Intervention for Late-life Depression

Control group received usual care of the Community Mental Health Service, consisted of case management for high-risk older adults and referral to psychiatric services.

"1. Individual-based case management was conducted both by healthy community dwellers (local committee) and Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) team based on risk-stratification for depression in older adults. Local committee-guided care was performed after matching a healthy dweller with 4-5 older neighbors included in risk groups. They visited the matched older individuals as often as possible at least once a week using a mood sticker. The CMHS team also conducted a separate case management for older adults with risk-stratified protocols; the higher the risk of suicide, the more intensive was the management, which could include frequent face-to-face visits. High-risk individuals were also referred to the psychiatric service, if deemed necessary.~2. Group-based program was comprised of weekly eight sessions, which were mainly consisted of programs enhancing interpersonal network and group cohesion, and were open to all community-dwelling older adults."