Characterisation of Gut Microbiota, Bispectral Index Data and Plasma Kynurenine in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery

For maintenance of propofol anesthesia, total intravenous anesthesia was administered by using propofol (Fresenius Kabi, Austria GmbH) at a plasma target concentration (Marsh pharmacokinetic model software) of 2.5-4 μg/ml. Remifentanil (0.2-0.5 μg/kg/min) was given to all patients during the operation. Additional cisatracurium （0.05 mg/kg）and fentanyl (30-50 μg at the end of surgery) were used as needed, in accordance with the clinical requirements.