Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Smoking Cessation

Participants were provided with six individualized smoking cessation counseling sessions designed to help them prepare to quit, set a quit date, behaviorally manage early abstinence, and to resume cessation upon lapse.

All participants were provided with individualized training in resonance breathing using biofeedback to help improve self-regulation.

All participants were offered up to eight weeks of transdermal nicotine patch, beginning on their quit date.