Exercise and RIC and TCD

Patients will undergo 30 minutes of light-moderate intensity leg cycling, using the Letto-2 (Motomed, UK) in the semi-supine position.

Patients will undergo 4 cycles of upper limb RIC using a blood pressure cuff. Each cycle will involve inflating the blood pressure cuff to 200 mmHg for five minutes around the upper arm, followed by a period of relaxation of the cuff for a further 5 minutes. The total RIC treatment time will take 40 minutes.