Non Invasive Use of Pressure-Volume Loop in the Operating Room

"As required by the standard of care of the interventional neuroradiology procedure, the neuroradiologist also cannulates the femoral artery. At the end of the procedure, during catheter withdrawal, pressure waveforms are recorded in the descending thoracic aorta just in front of the esophageal Doppler probe.~Descending aortic velocity is measured with a transesophageal Doppler CardioQ-ODM+ (Deltex Medical, Chichester, UK) in order to construct the VP Loop in descending thoracic aorta."

Estimation of ventricular diastolic pressure by measuring mitral and aortic flow gradients by echocardiography (EPIQ G7 Philips© or similar) Determination of left ventricular volumes during the cardiac cycle by echocardiography (3D EPIQ G7 Philips© or similar).

"Measurements using the SphygmoCor radial tonometer (AtCor Medical, Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia), the most widely used tonometer in clinical research for non-invasive central pressure measurement and pulse wave analysis. The central blood pressure is then estimated using a validated radial-aortic transfer function.~The tonometer requires prior calibration by mean (MAP) and diastolic (PAD) blood pressure measured with the conventional brachial cuff as validated in the literature."