Assessments and Interventions for Hand Neuropathy in DM

Before the biofeedback training, the baseline pinch force detected from a pinch-holding-up activity is recorded to set the target level according to the baseline data. With the aim for improving the performance, a 94% peak force value detected at the baseline is set as the target threshold for the training. Each participant attends a 30-minute biofeedback protocol per session, two times a week for six to eight weeks. Once the pinch force value exceeds the target range, visual and auditory cues are provided to inform the subjects to modify the performance.

The participants receive similar doses of home-based tendon gliding exercises and resistance training with an anti-stress ball for 30 minutes at a frequency of 2 times a week for 6 to 8 weeks, also combined with the regular diabetic care treatment. Six to eight telephone visits are carried out to remind the patients to comply with the exercise program during the training period.