Upper Extremity Function, Shoulder Position Sense and Disability Level İn Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Upper extremity function was evaluated with 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT). The 9-HPT is a brief, standardized, quantitative test of upper extremity function. It consists of moving nine pegs into one of the nine holes on a peg board, then back into an open box. Both the dominant and non-dominant hands are tested twice.

Shoulder position sense was evaluated with a Dualer IQTM digital inclinometer (J-TECH medical, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). The absolute error scores (in degrees) for shoulder abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° was calculated. The upper extremity of the participant was positioned with the arm in the scapular plane for the abduction movement and in the sagittal plane for the flexion movement. After returning to the starting position, participants attempted to repeat the previously attained angle. Participants indicated verbally when they felt they had reached the angle and held their position. The measurement was repeated 2 more times for a total of 3 trials for each limb (non-dominant and dominant), with a 30-second rest period separating trials.