Airway Management of Pediatric Patients With Klippel-Feil Syndrome

The difficult mask ventilation is defined as A) It is not possible for unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain the SpO2 \> 90% using 100% oxygen and positive pressure mask ventilation in a patient whose SpO2 \> 90% before anesthetic intervention; and/or B) It is not possible for unassisted anesthesiologist to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during positive mask ventilation.

"The difficult endotracheal intubation is defined as It is not possible to visualize any portion of the vocal cords with conventional laryngoscopy or when proper insertion of the endotracheal tube with conventional laryngoscopy requires more than three attempts or more than ten minutes."