Transvenous Approach for the Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

"The standard TAE, without TVE, is used in patient allocated standard treatment. The arterial approach will consist of at least one attempted catheterization for trans-arterial injection of liquid embolic.~If the operator deems, on the table, for a trans-arterial injection to be too dangerous, no arterial injection is necessary. Treatment, where indicated, can be completed through other means."

"The experimental treatment is an attempt to completely occlude the AVM using venous catheterization and retrograde EVOH injection during the final session.~The trans-venous strategy will consist of at least one transvenous injection of ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH), with the choice of delivery microcatheters and other technical details left to the individual operator's discretion."