Efficacy and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Plus Cream for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia

third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne. It is effective against acne conditions where comedones are predominant.

combination of three non-antibiotic active ingredients of nicotinamide, anti-bacterial adhesive agent (ABA) and zinc, or abbreviated as ANAZ to be well-tolerated by patients with acne vulgaris

Placebo cream. to resemble an active medication or therapy so that it functions as a control; this is to prevent the recipient(s) and/or others from knowing (with their consent) whether a treatment is active or inactive, as expectations about efficacy can influence results.