Efficacy of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Ipsilateral circumferential PVI is the recommended PVI strategy. The success of PVI is defined as the achievement of the dissociation of PV potentials in all PVs. Disappearance of PV potentials is reconfirmed at the end of the procedure, a minimum of 20 minutes after the initial success of PVI.

In addition to PVI, CFAE ablation, linear ablation, or both; the choice of which is decided by the physician