Evaluation of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Patients Who Speak Two Languages Fluently

"For patients only prior to MRI scans.~The MAE contains eleven subtests in five categories which may be used to assess both languages in bilinguals and the participant's primary language in monolinguals: Oral Expression, Spelling, Oral Verbal Understanding, Reading, and Rating Scales. Subtests are scored for accuracy of individual items on a three-point scoring system (0, 1, 2). Contained within these domains are The Token Test, Aural Comprehension of Words and Phrases and Visual Naming which naturally parallel fMRI and direct cortical stimulation behavioral assays already in place for clinical use (phonemic fluency, auditory responsive naming and confrontation naming respectively). The MAE is expected to take under 50 minutes."

10 monolingual patients: 2 language paradigms + RS fMRI = 7x3 = 21 minutes 10 early bilingual patients: 2 language paradigms+ RS fMRI = 7x3 = 21 minutes 10 late bilingual patients: 2 language paradigms+ RS fMRI = 7x3 = 21 minutes

"10 monolingual English volunteers: 2 task language paradigms\* + 1 Resting State fMRI + one anatomical sequence for a total of approximately 25 minutes.~10 late bilingual volunteers: 4 language paradigms (2 English + 2 Spanish) + 1 Resting State fMRI + one anatomical sequence for a total of approximately 39 minutes.~10 early bilingual volunteers: 4 language paradigms (2 English + 2 Spanish) + 1 Resting State fMRI + one anatomical sequence for a total of approximately 39 minutes."